dunk,
That is exactly when it happened. Bullnose and earlier 86 down have a sender. The exception to that is the vans, they have a real gauge till 91 (body change for the van)
One thing you can do on the 87 and up is get a sender for an 83-86 IDI (its a real sender, not a switch) and bridge the correct resistor o the instrument panel (its on the net...) and now the brick and obs have a needle that moves. Still no numbers, but it at least moves and shows a pressure variance......
Actually '87 is not the changeover year, '87 F-series trucks still had the proper sender and gauge setup (and I think so did some early '88s but I'm not 100% sure on them). And this is true for both diesel and gasoline trucks alike, if it has a '87 production date it will have the goodies.
You are correct on being able to modifying the circuit board for the "idiot" gauges. In our IDI we ran a modified cluster for a while till we found the proper '87 cluster and dropped that in, IIRC both worked equally well but I hate soldering so having a solder-less cluster was simply the better option.
Still, it is quite true that there is no set correlation between the gauge readings and the actual pressure the sender sees. They are related yes (on a modified cluster or a '87 or older one), but as said earlier no two trucks will show exactly alike. We have a mechanical pressure gauge (old-school stuff, with the 1/8" NPT port allowing use of braided stainless line, not the built-in plastic junk) T-eed into the same engine port that feeds the factory gauge, if I remember tomorrow I can compare readings between the two...