As mentioned before, your timing is very retarded, this usually is caused by two things, advance piston sticking, and the advance bore wearing prematurely due to our really dry modern diesel. You can see if your advance piston is stuck by depressing the arm on the lower driver side of the pump with the engine running. You should hear an audible change in the engine if the timing changes with arm movement. If it doesn’t, your advance piston is stuck, and the atf trick could very well unstick it.
If it does change the tone of the engine, likely your transfer pressure is just very out of spec, the transfer pressure is what feeds the plungers and controls the hydraulic advance curve in a db2 pump. Transfer pressure drops over time when the pump wears, but the component that affects it the most is the tolerance of the advance piston to the advance piston bore. The piston is a hardened stainless steel slug that slides back and forth in an aluminum bore. This was a solid design back when Diesel was packed full of lubricants and had a high cetane rating when these pumps where design, but with our modern dry diesel these pumps tend to wear out this bore quickly since the stainless piston eats up the aluminum bore without having the necessary lubricant it was originally designed to have. When this bore wears out, transfer pressure is allowed to bypass into the housing of the pump and out the return, instead of pushing fuel into the plungers, and rotating the cam ring to have a proper hydraulic timing curve.
My solution with all my pumps is to bore out and insert a ceramic sleeve and machine fit it to a new stanadyne (not a chinesium knock off piston) standard sized advance piston. With this ceramic sleeve, I see almost no wear at all after 100k miles, even with our poor quality modern fuels, and have seen much more stable transfer pressures with my customers who run wmo, wvo and biodiesel, even on hot rod pumps making triple stock fuel displacement. It’s not a cheap modification, and it’s reflected in the cost of my pumps, but it’s the only way I have found that these older pumps can truly hold up to modern diesel. I have a customer who is a hot shotter here in Texas, making big power with over 150k miles on his CDD 110cc pump and still no issues, haven’t even had to touch the timing.