My friend who is also in auto class told me that when they were trying to get the right drum off he was looking into the parking break and said that it was not even connected at the pedal in the cab.
When the park-brake cables or rear shoes are loose, as in not adjusted properly,
OR any portion of the housed cables are either frozen or binding, it is common for the cable-keeper to jump out of the pedal mechanism, as spring tension in the drums is all that keeps it all together.
Now that you have new shoes, drums, and such, unless you already have done so, loosen and dis-connect the park-brake adjuster, located alongside the left frame-rail.
With the individual cables dis-connected, pull on each one, working the cable in and out, to ascertain that the cable does indeed work freely inside the sheathing.
It matters not that the cables may work when operated by the massive leverage of the pedal; if you cannot easily pull them outward by hand, that wimpy spring inside the drum is not going to be able to pull them completely back.
Also, with the cable pulled out as far as it will go, saturate it with oil and work it in and out, doing this process numerous times.
Once it is ascertained that both sides work freely, re-connect the adjuster mechanism and adjust it.
IF you find that either or both cables are frozen or work sluggishly, then you will have to go back into the rear brakes and replace the cables.
The fact that you were un-aware that the pedal was not connected leads me to believe that you are not in the habit of using the park-brake.
Park-brakes are one thing that last longer the more they are used.
The park-brake SHOULD be set EVERY TIME the truck is parked.
Park-brakes = USE 'EM or LOSE 'EM 