Update, Back on The Road
Well, it took about three weeks but I was finally able to get around to fixing my truck. I found a pump and injectors from a local guy off a 91 E350. He let me have a few other things off the engine for one price and it worked out well for both of us.
Of course, the stuff I got was from a non turbo engine and I had some doubts as to how it would work. So far, it has turned out well if not great. My truck is running very well if a bit down on power.
When I inspected the van I was getting the parts off from, it ran quite rough. There was plenty of smoking and a rough idle. It settled ok with revs but never ran smooth. The owner claimed it had sat for over a year. For the price, I figured it might be worth the gamble.
I got home and proceeded to test the injectors using my newly created, $10 pop tester. Only half the injectors popped within range and the others were wide open or would just leak down fast once pressure was reached. One of them would not even open up at all even at 2500psi. I ended up taking them all apart and cleaning the insides. Remarkably, this is all that seems to be required to make the injectors work again. After cleaning, six of them settled at 1950psi opening pressure and the other two were easily adjusted to the same.
I removed the tail housing off the pump to inspect the screen and it looked as clean as if it was never used. This was encouraging. Since it was a NA pump going onto a turbo engine, I turned the fuel screw a couple of flats. Everything went on the motor with no issues and after a bit of priming with clean diesel, it came to life. The first time I started it, it did not make the characteristic clanking noise. In fact, it was one of the most quiet diesels I've ever heard. I decided it did not have enough advance since I had installed it towards the retarded side. I turned the pump to give it a bit of advance and then it acquired the proper sound if a little on the low side still.
There is a very slight black puff when revving from idle and when I mash the throttle, there is no cloud of black smoke on the highway. I'm thinking it can take a couple more flats of the screw but I'll research it more and install a pyrometer before doing so.
I tested the "G" injectors that came off the truck and they were all over the place patternwise and in pressure holding. Also, the ones I could get to pop open in semi consistent fashion all did so at around 1550psi. Are turbo pumps and injectors set to a much lower opening pressure than NA units? Is it possible for all the springs in the injector set to take a similar spring force reduction over time?
The whole experience has left me much less befuddled as to the workings of injectors. I think I'll tackle the pump next and see if i can make a good spare out of it.