Major Confusion on what is wrong with my 6.9L

Zion

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My plans for getting to college fell apart pretty abruptly and the only option I was left with was to drive my 6.9L from Iowa to Oregon. Still west bound and down at the moment, and it has already been very eventful. I can’t pinpoint what all is wrong with it, but I fear that MethZilla has had its corn thoroughly creamed.
From the get go, it was a dog to get up to speed. Under harder acceleration, the exhaust would start popping. Sounded like someone was feeding firecrackers down the straight pipes, might have also been a miss, but between the thin fire wall and the exhaust pipes, I couldn’t discern much.
While heading up towards Cheyenne, the truck lost power and was blowing light blue smoke excessively. I advanced the timing when we got to Laramie, and it was somewhat improved, but eventually started to get worse over time. When I went to adjust the timing again, it was phenomenal, but once again lost its timing after 30+ minutes. Leaving Wyoming, it started driving like it was oxygen-starved. Shortly after, I let it cool down, changed the fuel filter, and filled it with Diesel Kleen. Since then, there has been some rice-crispy exhaust and an absence of constant blue smoke, but I am left very perplexed. It will still act oxygen starved, but will adequately maintain speed. Sporadically, it will gain significantly more power for a random amount of time.
The engine is running incredibly well on the road and maintaining low temperatures, but idles horrendously. Now the truck will not smoke under load, unless it is a tiny puff of blue. I’ve been checking oil and coolant at every stop, and there has been oil consumption, but no evident coolant loss or intermingling of the two fluids.
I’ve been combing through the forums to get some idea of what is occurring, but my truck checks a lot of boxes for a handful of differing component failures.
I’ll try to find someplace to start disassembling the engine, but in the meantime, I’d appreciate any help, advice, or straight up hand-holding you guys may have to offer.
 

Shadetreemechanic

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The truck in my photo had a bad injection pump when I bought it. The advance piston was bad on it. I drove it home 3 hours and had similar symptoms.
If the pump is good, pressing the advance piston when idling (on lower drivers side) should make it run like crap. If there is no change the current running condition that is what I would suspect.
Your messing with the timing and having the symptoms change also makes me think the pump may have given out.
 

IDIBRONCO

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It also could be starved for oxygen since you're driven through some higher elevations. Not that it would cause all of your issues, but you did mention that it felt that way.
 

Zion

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The truck in my photo had a bad injection pump when I bought it. The advance piston was bad on it. I drove it home 3 hours and had similar symptoms.
If the pump is good, pressing the advance piston when idling (on lower drivers side) should make it run like crap. If there is no change the current running condition that is what I would suspect.
Your messing with the timing and having the symptoms change also makes me think the pump may have given out.
I’m hoping that’s it. Did you have any issues starting? Mine always fires first try, regardless of being hot or cold, but then stalls. I’ll go ahead and check the advance piston next time I stop for fuel. With how clanky the motor and exhaust sound, I’m going to try to return the pump to its original alignment to avoid piston carnage.
 

IDIBRONCO

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You may also be suffering from some air intrusion. If you didn't advance the timing very far, that could explain the "clanky" sounds and the feeling like there's a power gain once in a awhile.
 

Zion

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It also could be starved for oxygen since you're driven through some higher elevations. Not thatt it would cause all of your issues, but you did mention that it felt that way.
Being a N/A engine, the elevation change did come to mind when I started adjusting. I thought the excessive white and blue smoke was from over-fueling and a lack of oxygen.
 

IDIBRONCO

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I thought the excessive white and blue smoke was from over-fueling and a lack of oxygen.
Over fueling would normally give you black smoke. Blue or whiteish smoke would more likely be caused by retarded timing or sucking air into the system.
 

Zion

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You may also be suffering from some air intrusion. If you didn't advance the timing very far, that could explain the "clanky" sounds and the feeling like there's a power gain once in a awhile.
I did a just under dime’s width in total. Air intrusion could be at play, but it’d have to be from the tanks. The truck stays primed, even after sitting for a few days. The fuel filter hat holds a good vacuum and none of the new return lines show any signs of leaks. My only other culprits are the Mech. lift pump and the ancient pickup tubes. I haven’t read enough to be able to test those theories though.
 

Zion

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Over fueling would normally give you black smoke. Blue or whiteish smoke would more likely be caused by retarded timing or sucking air into the system.
I see. The white smoke smelled acrid, I chalked it up to an abundance of fuel with not enough oxygen to sustain a full burn. If the pump was sucking air, could that be the random crackle/pops I heard from the exhaust?
 

The_Josh_Bear

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I see. The white smoke smelled acrid, I chalked it up to an abundance of fuel with not enough oxygen to sustain a full burn. If the pump was sucking air, could that be the random crackle/pops I heard from the exhaust?
White smoke + acrid diesel smell = retarded timing or other timing-related issue(like stuck open injector or lifter issue or IP). In your case it very much sounds like the IP since it's so variable. Nothing else really has the ability to vary so much when it's failing/failed.
Thankfully IP's are relatively cheap and don't require surgery!
The advance arm test will tell you a lot.
 

Cubey

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Sucking air while running tends to give it more power for just a moment because you inject a mixture of air and fuel. The more power doesn't last long though.
My NA F250 kept doing that on EB I-80 in Wyoming in 2017. It's weird as heck, like it was getting a sudden burst of turbo. It seemed like the heavy wind had something to do with it.
 

SuperDave

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Your issues sound like how my '83 6.9 ran when I bought it, that truck was a farm truck so it didn't have many miles but it had a LOT of idling time. Since it only had 62k on the clock I put a set of new stanadyne injections in it and it woke it up, if it had been closer to 100k I probably would have done the injection pump as well. Personally I'd try a new set of quality injectors and see how much it improves and then decide whether your injection pump needs a rebuild or not. Also check your line from the frame to the lift pump, my granddad's '88 7.3 was a dog after he had the lift pump replaced and come to find out they used regular gas hose between the frame and lift pump so when you drove the truck on the road it would suck the line flat and starve for fuel, it would never quit running but it was severely lacking in the giddy up department!
 

typ4

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So did you make it to Oregon, if so where?
I can guide you through the mess
 

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