So Dana axles can develop something called the death wobble. Due to loose steering components or issues with alignment. The steering wobbles left to right causing an alarming shake of the vehicle.
So let us know if this is a simple out of ballance vibration (Like tire ballance) or if the truck goes into a unstoppable shimmy shake that only stops as you slow down.
So you did a lot of things during this repair, that could have started the issue.
So make these checks to see if you can find something wrong and fix the issue.
1) Make sure all 4 tires are filled to the correct psi.
2) Make sure your lug nuts did not come loose.
3) Did you by chance swap or rotate tires?
3) Jack up the front end, now that you drove it, confirm-
A) Your wheel bearings are not loose. It’s tricky to do wheel bearing lash with this hub system. Now that you drove it maybe the grease moved out, a bearing that was stuck slid further down the spindle, and it’s a little to loose.
B) You had to smack a lot on the spindle plate to get it out. Make sure it went in straight and torqued down even. I don’t think it’s caster or camber specific but did you put it back in the same way it cam out. (IE - Upside down from how it came off.)
C) Pry with a prybar to insure the upper or lower ball joint did not go bad from all the hammering.
D) See if you have any play in the steering. If so address, making some slight changes to camber or caster have set off this issue. It was getting ready to happen, you just accelerated it.
E) I cannot recal what tightens the axle shaft to the hub or rotor. But make sure the axle shaft is tight in the hub.
F) If all seems good get your tires rebalanced.
G) Then If not fixed it may be the axle shaft you bought is bent, out of ballance, or ???. So you may have to try another one. But guessing something else is causing this.
We have all been there, project from hell. When it rains it pours, but hang in there, you will figure it out.
Let us know more details about the vibration/shimmy.