Here's some updated information. Given all the info you guys have helped me with thus far, I think I (sadly) know what's wrong: head gaskets. Beyond the aforementioned issues, I went out today to take a peek at coolant and oil levels and found this:
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Correct me if I'm wrong, but that's milky coolant, meaning that coolant and oil are mixing. Bad news, right?
Looked in the recovery bottle and saw more sludge than usual (it seems):
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The radiator was also about a gallon low on coolant after maybe 100 miles. Is that my smoke? It's burning up?
So, knowing that, I'm inclined to call Mechanic A and see what he can do for me. Being 600 miles away from him, I doubt it's much, but maybe he can work with Mechanic B and get something squared away.
Is my reasoning right?
And if so, talk to me. It's a great engine that pulls well (I think! Never had a diesel before...) but she's got 200k on the clock. Is it worth a pull and rebuild? Do you think the block is cracked? What about the significant blowby coming up the dipstick tube? Talk to me, what would you do in my shoes?
Thanks!