First, you have a Dana 70. They switched from the 70 to the 10.25" midway through the 1985 model year.
Second, for '83 and '84 trucks, left-hand threads on the driver's side rear wheel is normal. It was believed at one point that right-hand-thread lugnuts on the driver's side of the vehicle would back off as a result of centrifugal force when the wheel was spinning fast (i.e. traveling on the freeway). This was actually fairly common practice up until then; many vehicles had left-hand threads on both driver's side wheels...I think the backing-off theory was debunked somewhere in this timeframe.
I'm surprised that Ford only put left-hand threads on the rear wheel, but that's how it's supposed to be...my truck and my old '84 E-350 are like this as well.
No idea with the brakes, sorry
but, the axleshaft needing to come out to pull the drum is normal for a Dana 70.