I have an inquisitive mind. JUST HOW DO THEY DO THAT. My first computer was a Radio Shack TRS (80?). I'm Older than you. My favorite TV show "How they make it"
You very well may be older than me, but I already had had three computers when the TRS-80 came out. I used to fix those for a living. I was weened on an IBM System 3 with 8K of IRON CORE memory.
Making something without a computer is the same as making it with one, with 2 very large exceptions.
1) - You don't have to make a new drawing from scratch, if there are pieces of another drawing you can re-use
2) - You can check for interference of moving parts without building it first.
Other than that, everything is built one part at a time. I imagine the whole thing starts out as a sketch on a napkin.