Got to be something silly we are overlooking. How long did you let it run before you checked it? My truck needs to run up to a couple minutes before the volt gauge climbs back up. You have to refill the electrons before the voltage comes up. Fundamentally this is the ford version of the 1 wire alternator. All you should need to do is apply voltage to the green wire for it to output.
Here’s what I would do in this order.
1. Reinstall. Do not attach the heavy charge wire. Start truck and measure voltage at the charge lug. If you have voltage while running and no voltage while not running, in theory the alternator is putting out something. If that works move on. If not, I would jump the green wire direct to bat pos. If that works move on.
2. Connect the charge wire. Disconnect it from the post on the fender solenoid. Make sure you have voltage there like you had at the charge post. If yes, move on. If not, check the fuse by bypassing it.
3. With everything connected, start the truck and let it run for 10-15 minutes. Watch voltage. I don’t know what diameter pulley you have on it but when my batteries are flat, the alt belt squeaks because it’s pulling a lot of juice to recharge the batteries. Maybe the pulley is too large or too small? How does it compare with the 1g pulley?
I’m grasping at straws after that. It should just work.
My money is still on the green wire. I bet there’s something wrong with that circuit and that’s probably why it quit charging with the other alt. The fusible link wires can fool you. The can be broken down to a single strand and still read 12v until you put a load on the circuit. I chased one of those for a solid day before I figured it out. If the load of the alt is too much, the voltage will drop and it won’t charge. Mine was on the headlight circuits. I kept finding 6-7 volts. Nothing should be that in those circuits as far as I know.