I am of the opinion that the fuel we are supplied for around $4 a gallon is more or less crap these days.
The cetane index of fuel in this country is allowed to be as low as 40, whereas Europe requires a minimum of 50. The higher the number the better the fuel burns and the higher cetane fuel burns better in high speed engines (such as ours)
Cetane is basically a measure of how fast fuel burns. You figure most mid to long range diesel engines are designed to run closer to 1800 RPM. Our engines can run up to 3200 RPM.
There is ZERO incentive for the fuel suppliers to provide higher cetane fuel. It costs them more money. My guess is that if you took an average sample of the fuel from, say, ten stations and compared them, you would probably see the cetane somewhere close to 40 - 42 average.
We deal with this on a regular basis in my industry. We have close to 60 megawatts of diesel generators to power the datacenter if we loose utility power. If we buy a diesel generator that is spec'd to provide 3 megawatts of power at cetane 45, and we get 40 cetane fuel, our genset may only provide 2.85 MW of power when needed. We actually require our fuel suppliers to provide fuel quality reports when the fuel is delivered, and we require greater than 45 cetane fuel...
All of this rambling leads me to one theory on why our engines run differently at different times. All things being equal and functional, everything that affects timing on our pumps is static (except fuel pressure) The advance cam, lever, and piston (if in good shape) operate the same way every time we push the GO pedal down. The two things that are dynamic in this system are;
A) Fuel pressure
B) Fuel quality
Of course the mechanical lift pump on our trucks has much more variance potential than an electric pump would (as it's pumping speed is directly proportional to engine speed) But again, the pump curve (volume and pressure) of even a mechanical pump would be somewhat linear to engine speed. So that really only leaves fuel quality. It's the one variable that we really don't have any way of accounting for...