I don't know a lot about setting the timing but this thread seems to follow [my]logic and I suspect will stand up to engineering scrutiny for accuracy.
http://www.ford-trucks.com/forums/593483-using-glow-plugs-to-super-tune-the-engine.html
A lot of hullaballoo went around over that spiel a few months ago , but when it boils down, the guy has a half a theory that may or may not work on anything, but he's not even willing to cut loose with any real information. A total waste of time burning out my retinas weeding through that mess. All the theories on earth are fine and dandy but in the real world there are too many variables in diesel fuel station to station and load to load for any of that to be of any use.
I've been wrenching on diesels for years and you have to set the things up to operate on whatever comes around and with a guestimation of the altitude the thing is going to run at most of the time That requires calculating a common timing spec with slight variations for extreme locations.
8.5 deg btdc was the original factory setting on the high sulfur fuel and when I came to the conclusion that the European engines had for years had a different spec for engines operated there than they did here due to the fact that they have had ULSd fuel for years, it was a simple matter of calculating the difference into degrees of crankshaft rotation with the help of Justin and some other members here and we came up with the timing figure of 9.7 deg btdc as the ideal timing setting to be used with the ULSD fuel to recover the power and fuel mileage lost with the introduction of the new fuel. It has been working out well for everyone who's tried it.
This idea came to me when thinking about how I had tried to set one of the European diesels to the euro spec one time on the old high sulfur fuel and the poor thing nearly rattled itself to death from being too far advanced, I Realized that the sulfur effected the burn rate and was the reason that all the European diesels had two different timing specs. They will run at the Euro spec now on the new fuel. Obviously Bosch has already done all the calculations.
The 9.7 could be adjusted up slightly for high altitude but remembering the max of 10.5 about 10.2 would most likely be ideal for extreme high altitude( 10.5 was the max before glow plug damage can start , although with the new fuel, I would assume that the figure would be pushed up due to the change in burn rate, but no sense in taking any kind of undue chances where they aren't needed.)