I would pull the glow plugs and try to see if the engine will turn over in case of water in the cylinders, then if it still isn't turning over, I would pull the starter, take it to your nearest autoparts store and have it tested, then pick up some new battery cables, those are probably a big part of your issue.
I learned the hard way about pulling spark plugs/ glow plugs the last time one of my vehicles refused to start, long story short on my long gone 92 BMW 325i, the computer got water logged and it causes the engine to shut down and make the fuel injectors pour fuel into the engine while it sat over night , and my buddy went to start it and the starter tore about 6 teeth off the flywheel, but it didn't bend a rod. The engine and transmission had to be pulled as a unit, was the biggest pain in the ass. It makes pulling the 7.3 turbo look like a cake walk.