Cavitation of any sort will make noise.... and lots of it. Doesnt matter if its in a hydraulic system, PSD cooling system, or a submarine/ship propeller at high speed. Why do you think the Navy spends BIG bucks on the 688 and Trident sub propellers...... to reduce the cavitation. Noise is death.
Cavitation in a fuel system is nothing more than entrained air... would cause wierd running as well in a diesel.
Turbo stall (compressor stall) will make a boatload of noise. Sounds like an elephant fart in a truck..... sounds like God Himself farted when it happens on a locomotive (the carbody doors usually bulge out like crazy too). Turbo stall usually breaks things after awhile.
As for your problem..... does it lose power in any other gear at 2500 rpm? or any rpm for that matter?
Areas to look at could be:
fuel filter(s} plugging, (junk in tank, low fuel at the time)
the boost sensor (MAP),
Boost leak in intake system above a certain PSI/rpms
Low oil pressures and/or foaming effecting HEUI system operation
Just a start..... not much I can go on... not enough details.