These sight-unseen diagnosises are somewhat tough to pinpoint; but, I am going to make a stab at what I think is going on, given the evidence available.
Everything is fine until you poke the nozzle in there and stir up the dregs in the tank.
Something, maybe even a floating grease-rag, is then getting sucked into or over the draw-straw, thus the "surge" when the engine starts starving for fuel and the subsequent dying as a result of no fuel available to the engine.
It may be a total waste of your time; but, were it me, I would completely drain and remove the tank and poke my head in there for a look-see.
The only other possible I can come up with is ??maybe?? the roll-over valve is stopping up the vent, thus the tank is being pulled into a vacuum.
I would also eliminate any such non-sense and make a direct OPEN vent with it's open end protected from water-intrusion and screened against varmints.