Those thermosiphon cooling systems worked because the systems were designed around it and were so large compared to the heat created. A lot of your lister diesels operate the same way. Your truck would never operate that way because the convectional coolant flow isn't fast enough to do it.
You can run without a fan in certain scenarios. No load and cold weather and you likely will struggle to get warm. Diesel engines typically run cool at idle compared to a gas engine, because of the large amount of air being consumed and exhausted compared to a gas engine. Even in summer temps you can likely have enough air flow at speed to keep the engine cool. But if you haul anything, or travel at low speeds, there won't be enough heat rejection from the radiator and you can boil over quickly. Running the AC will also require a fan of some sort, as that is a large producer of heat as well.
I'm not sure I'd run without a fan at all. I'd at least put a small electric unit on it to give you a little air flow when you're slow or stopped. You won't be able to pull a 3 axle 5th wheel like that. But if you don't pull anything with it, have no AC, and live in a moderate climate, there's no reason a small e-fan wouldn't keep up.