I think I remember your build. I don't know of many IDIs bolted to E4ODs in the pre 1980 series of trucks
About the gears.
Yes you can upgrade the planetary gears to a steel carrier with 6 pinion gears for forward and reverse. The overdrive is available in 4 pinion again, with steel carrier.
Depending on what year your tranny is, you should have either a 3 pinion planetarys or 4 pinion. Both of which would be with aluminum carriers.
It sounds like you want to be able to push your truck a little harder on occasion, so I would consider upgrading the overdrive and forward planetarys. Reverse never gets used ofted enough to really worry much about.
What year is the transmission? I probably mentioned this before, but make sure you upgrade the tranny to have a roller bearing center support. This is easily one of the most important upgrades you can do for this tranny.
You can get the steel gears, imput shaft and center support as a single upgrade kit from baumannator controls, but its $350 for everything:
http://www.becontrols.com/products/e4odcat.htm (scroll down)
Looking on Ebay, you might be able to save a little on this, but I bought from Karl before for the gears and my transmission controller and he is good to deal with.
I haven't used any of the "moose" products (yet), but I have heard nothing but good things about them from those that have. They cost more than regular pumps and the injectors will probably be several times more expensive than regular new injectors. I think a moose pump is supposed to put out about 30-40% more than a regular pump that is maxed out
(some one please correct me if I'm wrong).
Agnem will be able to answer all of your more detailed questions.