Off the top of my head, I'd say 1-1/2" for the top 2 and ~4" for the other 4.... but that's just a guess.
I would get a couple different length and see which fits best then take the other back, or just keep them. The top 2 are through holes, so as long as you don't go so far that bottom out against the back of the block behind the adapter plate (over 1" of thread) you should be fine. You want at least 1/2" or so of thread engaged for strength. The other 4 are blind holes, but I think they're 3/4" or so deep, so against 1/2" or so of thread should be fine.