Never noticed a difference myself. There could be any number of explanations.... but it really doesn't matter. ATF has much less detergent in it than motor oil. Certain synthetic oils that contain a lot of esters may have some solvent capability, i.e. the ability to dissolve gum and varnish, so perhaps you could see a difference there.
Calcium and magnesium are the two main detergents used in oil, calcium being the stronger of the two, in all types of oil. Boron is a multi-function additive that's both an anti-wear and detergent additive.
Averaging the calcium, magnesium and boron of several Dex III ATFs, I get:
Dex III
Calcium- 0.05%
Magnesium- 0.05%
Boron- 0.15%
Delo 400 LE Motor Oil
Calcium- 0.18%
Magnesium- 0.05%
Boron- 0.5%
Rotella 5W40
Calcium- 0.13%
Magnesium- 0.08%
Boron- 0.08
Delvac 1300
Calcium- 0.13%
Magnesium- 0.08%
Boron- 0.06
Here's quote from a respected Tribologist I know:
The main requirements of an ATF are thermal stability and friction modification (lubrication), with some anti-wear additive for the sun, lock-up, and planetary gears, and of course, the needle/pin bearings. Add about 0.05% of anti-foamants (siloxanes) and some red dye for leak identification, and you have a special Hydraulic Oil called, 'ATF.' The formulator will tweak the additive package for each base oil type (group) or mixes of base oils.The calcium and magnesium need not be as strong in ATF as in IC engines, because these dispersant/detergents don't have to work so hard removing (cleaning) the carbonaceous deposits and sludge created by blowby. The borates (as in boron) are multifunctional additive's that work as Anti-Wear additives, as detergents, as anticorrosives, and as anti-oxidants. The fluid not only acts as the lubricant, but also acts as the power (torque) transfer agent. In doing the latter, it gets hot and tends to oxidize the oil. The main requirement for calcium, magnesium, and to a lesser extent, boron, is to keep the internals clean of any oxidized particles so they can operate the hydraulic actuators and valves.
Forgot to add. Say you add a quart of ATF you your oil, runit a while and it seems to have done a job of cleaning. OK. Well, what you did is add fresh oil that has a fresh additive pack (albeit less detergents than motor oil, it still has some and they are ******) to used oil in which the additive package is weak and nearly used up. The fresh additives do some cleaning. Stands to reason. A quart of fresh motor oil will do the same thing and probably do it better without diluting the oil and putting in anti-wear additives not designed for engines. One good thing about ATF in engines is that ATF has a lot of seal swelling agents in it, so it might soften the seals up a little if given enough time. But in a diesel, why would you want to dilute the oil with 10 or 20 grade oil when the oil has probably already sheared down. To me, the disadvantages in putting ATF in an engine far outweigh any advantages.
It may be low on typical detergents(I.E. ones used in motor oil), but what about dispersants or non-standard detergents that aren't usually tested for? There must be something in ATF that has the ability to dissolve gum and varnish, otherwise valves would get sticky and passageways would become blocked. There are many more small moving parts and passageways in an automatic tranny that depend upon being clean for proper operation.
I too have noticed the cleaning properties of atf many times before, mainly when I change it and my hands always end up being clean in the end. It literally eats the grease off my hands(WD40 does the same thing too)...