This used to happen all the time with worn-out VW diesel engines back in the day - there would be so much blowby past worn rings and valve guide seals, and this of course was routed right into the intake manifold by design (no road draft tubes due to emissions laws). Once you got above a certain RPM, the engine would then run (away) on its own oil.
Smart people (or rather those who were aware of what was happening and knew what to do) kept the car in gear and braked it to a stop (I know somebody who actually ran their car into a wall at very low speed because the brakes wouldn't completely do the job), while others put the car in neutral and watched the engine grenade itself.
The later VW turbodiesels (including the TDIs) also have a potential runaway situation that is caused by ingesting a slug of oil that has accumulated inside of the intercooler. Apparently extended idling allows oil to leak past the laybrinth seal on the turbo shaft, and this oil builds up inside the intercooler (a small amount of oil always remains in there regardless). Once enough oil is in there and the airflow picks up a bit to draw this into the intake, watch out!
When I worked for a heavy truck manufacturer, we installed on any fuel tanker truck a system which mechanically shuts off the intake air if the engine RPM exceeded a certain value (usually set a couple hundred RPM above engine redline). This in case the truck was in an area with sufficient fuel vapors (such as from a large gasoline or propane leak) which could cause an engine runaway.
Fun stuff!