I would recommend avoiding anything from 1983-early 1985. Those years can crack around the block heater and the heads aren't as good either.
1985.5 up to 1994.5 will have engines that will bolt up perfectly as long as you don't end up with the powerstroke in 1994 but its kinda hard to make that mistake. They look completely different.
If you go with a 7.3L, you get some more power for your trouble but there comes the risk of cavitation from thin cylinder walls. If you go with a 6.9 and get one from before 1987, then KEEP THE ENGINE YOU HAVE......for the parts provided they aren't damaged. The rocker arms are a better design in 1987 and up. The factory turbocharged IDI is from 1993.5-1994.5 but its not going to have as much power as an aftermarket turbo because ford put a restrictive turbocharger outlet on it. Basically its an ATS 093 turbo kit, but ford wanted a smaller downpipe on it
. It will still have more power and you can upgrade the housing and downpipe on the turbo to correct this. What I'm trying to say, is you can still get the same results from a non turbo engine, and add a used turbo kit so you don't have to hold out for a rare factory turbo.
I take it the truck has a 4 speed manual transmission now? Best bet is a 5 speed transmission if you want overdrive. It is slightly longer than the 4 speed stick so I'm not sure if you can keep the drive shaft. Do a search on the forum about the ZF5 speed swap because its been done many times before. Or some one will chime in and answer.