You want us to do MATH on sunday morning, WTH
This actually isn’t as much a math problem, as a logic and semantics problem. It took me a few minutes to spot the logical fallacy in this problem. I knew it was there, but it was difficult to spot nonetheless.
This is a semantic fallacy. The premise is false, which you can see when you work the equation backwards. The men do pay a total of $9.00 each (total of $27.00) for the room, but only after you add in the amount they tipped the owner. They paid $25 dollars for the room and they gave the owner $2 as a tip. ($25 + 2 = $27.00). At this point the only thing to add back in to get to the original $30.00 is the $3 the men received as a refund. ($27 + $3 = $30)
Or to simply it further:
There is a misdirect in the problem when it says that when you do the math each man paid $9 each for the room, plus $2 tip. They don't. They pay a combined price of $25.00 plus the $2 tip. The problem sets up a set of facts:
* $30.00 was originally given to the hotel owner
* Correct price of the room = $25
* Each man receives $1 dollar refund = $3
* The owner receives a $2 tip
* $25 for room + $2 tip for the owner = $27
* $30 - $27 = $3 which is how much the men receive back as a refund.
Those are the facts. Once you separate those out, you can see the misdirect in the puzzle. There isn't a dollar discrepancy as listed, all the money is accounted for.
Wording things in misleading ways is what allows swindlers to make a living. By wording it the way they have in the problem, you actually add in the $2.00 to the owner twice, and you don’t add in the $3.00 rebate to the men at all, which leaves you short $1.00.