I used to do tensile strength testing when I worked for an aerospace company. To yield results you tension the test sample to failure and observe what pressure the material reaches the yield point.
Not practical for used studs, or bolts, I think. It requires the destruction of the test sample, which is taken at random from a production run, where all other samples are made from the same material under the same conditions, such as heat treat, machining or forming processes, etc etc.. Even then, such testing doesn't always cover all things that can happen to the part in actual service.. like improper assembly, over heating, pressure cycles,, etc..
In Aerospace, that problem is covered by over building everything by a minimum factor of 3. So each part is 3 times stronger than it needs to be for the design application.. $$$ is no object of course..
Go safe.. buy new ones, would be my suggestion.