That's exactly what I'll be doing to mine soon, front is a bit marshmallow-ish with the e-rated 235s. How much spacer would be needed for 265s or 285s in the rear?
Well, look at it this way...
You probably want to maintain the same amount of gap between the tires as you have with the (stock size) 235's right? As the tires get wider, 1/2 of the additional width sticks out past the wheel on each side, right? And that is true for BOTH of the duals. SO, the spacer needs to be equal to the additional width of the tires.
For example: 265's are 30mm wider than 235's, and 15mm of that additional width sticks out towards the inside and 15mm sticks out towards the outside of EACH rim. So with two of them side by side, to maintain the same gap between the sidewalls, you'd have to put a 30mm spacer between the two wheels. That's a spacer just under 1.2" wide...
285's would require a 50mm spacer - just a hair under 2". You probably don't have to maintain quite as much space between the duallies as what you have with the stock 235's, especially since putting them on the stock wheels is going to pull the sidewalls in a bit, but you probably can't reduce it by more than about 1/2" or so without risking the sidewalls rubbing against each other and causing a heat-related blowout.
Also, keep in mind that the lugbolts are only about an inch to inch and a quarter longer than they need to be to go all the way through the standard lugnuts. You might be able to get a pair of 285's on there with about a 1.5" spacer, but the gap would be pretty much at a minimum, and the lugbolts would just BARELY be long enough. So, I think that for practical purposes 265's are about the limit.