My family owned and operated a body shop for 22yrs. I thought I'd share a few things I have learned over the years.
Common misconceptions about your rights as the damaged party...
1: You have to get 3 written estimates...
Wrong- You have the right to have the shop of your choice do the repair work. This also means that you only need to provide an estimate from that shop. The only reason they ask for three estimates is so they can pay the lowest one. They do however have the right to send an estimator to the shop where the vehicle is located to get their own estimate... but this does not mean you have to agree with their estimate.
2: They have to fix your vehicle to brand new condition
Wrong- The laws state that they only have to put it back into a comparable condition it was in prior to the accident. This means that if the vehicle has existing dents/dings, bad paint, or other damage prior to the accident... they can by law make you pay the amount that the additional damage adds to the repair bill. This is also why they can use used junkyard parts in place of brand new parts on a vehicle.
3: They can insist on using aftermarket parts to repair your vehicle.
Wrong- In State Farm vs. State of Illinois (2006) A Federal Appeals Court upheld the 1999 ruling that State Farm had mis-led insured claimants by insisting on aftermarket body parts manufactured in China be used in repairs. Also, the court found that State Farm was guilty of Consumer fraud for telling insured claimants that the aftermarket parts were equal in quality and crash safety to the original OEM parts... when their own crash tests had proven otherwise. State Farm was ordered to pay a $1.06B class action settlement, and afterwards discontinued allowing aftermarket parts be used in repairs.
4: The wreck was the other persons fault, I can't be made to pay part of the repairs.
Not necessarily: It depends on the circumstances. If you were partly at fault (the majority of accidents are a combination of both drivers making some kind of error), the other persons insurance can pay only the percentage of fault associated with their insured... for example: You are rear ended by another driver while making a turn, but either your turn signals were not on, or the bulbs were out. The other driver is at fault because they failed to allow a safe distance to stop.. but you also could be partly at fault as well. Another Ex: You are driving on a suspended drivers license or were drunk. Even if the accident was not your fault, courts are very reluctant to rule in favor of a driver that legally was not supposed to be driving in the first place. In such a case, you'd best have a helluva lawyer if you hope to win.
5: The driver that hit me didn't have a license or insurance.. and I only had liability coverage. I'm screwed.
Yes and No: Yes, you are likely going to have to pay to get your vehicle fixed out of your own pocket. No, you are not totally without options. Most states have small claim courts or civil courts where for a small fee you can file a lawsuit against the other person. If you win, you can have their property or vehicles seized to be sold to repay your loss, and you can also get court orders to seize any other asset they have to cover the loss such as checking or savings accounts, personal property including furniture or electronics, jewelry you can show they own, or even have their wages garnished if you can locate where they are employed. The downside is, all this detective work must be performed by you, or a detective you pay for. And the process can cost more than the amount owed to you, making it not worth the effort.