I actually have yet to have a IDI diesel, but I've studied a little engineering and also have been around and worked on diesels so here's my two cent.
I have the exact problem on a JD NA diesel. Doesn't matter if plugged in or 60* outside. I spent two hours trying to get the darned thing started. Here's what it is: Failed injection pump. When I got the thing started, it had one heck of a cloud of black smoke and couldn't quit. Happens pretty fast. Also had some friends with diesel trucks, always started hard, then they replaced IP, and always started amazing.
Just be sure your lift pump is working or else it will starve your IP. And if you replace the IP replace the lift pump. If it is pumping fuel, it isn't necessarily enough, and the IP is lubricated by the diesel fuel.
So that's my two cents.
Oh, and about the ether - I've found that if the IP isn't working, you can't give a diesel like these enough ether to get it going, cause if you did it would blow out the head gaskets or worse. Ether is only intended in small amounts to ignite the diesel fuel injected, not to warm up the cylinder to help the diesel fire (alot of people I've come across that think so).