1) if it won't fire on ether, then you are using it wrong, or your ether is junk. nuff said.
2) if it cranks at all, you should be able to get fuel out of the shrader. no fuel, no start.
3) even with fuel at the shrader, if you have air leaks up to that point, the fueling will be wrong.
4) you should get at least an indication of fuel on any injector line if there is enough to crank.
An electric fuel pump on the frame immediately after the FSV will take care of a multitude of
sins - it will force enough fuel through the system to run the truck, as long as you don't have
any major leaks before or after the pump.
Lift pump pressure should match what the injection pump expects.
These are generic instructions for any diesel engine. There may be a few exceptions, but the
IDI is not one of them, and the list above is specific to the Ford. Personal experience.
I routinely start trucks and equipment that have been sitting for years.
First step is to fill the secondary filters with clean diesel, then check for any heaters (glow plugs,
manifold heaters, etc.) and disable them temporarily. I then crank the engine over a few revs,
and then give it a small shot of ether directly into the air intake. This gets 90% of them running.
The other 10% either have IP problems, or the diesel in the tank is rotten, or the fuel shutoff is
closed.
Very occasionally, (some old Macks and Cats), I have to make it run on ether until the pump
fills all the lines and filters. These trucks have a LOT more volume to fill than the small Fords.
In that case, I reinstall the air filters and add ether to the outside air intake. It can stand a
longer squirt that way. On any of them, if you use too much, it will not want to turn over.
Don't force it. Wait a few minutes, and it will bleed off. Be VERY careful with hot engines.
(There is generally another problem causing no starts on engines that have just been run.
Find it and fix it).