Ok, this being an 86, what are the other gauges doing at the same time? I know when the temperature gauge starts to climb, that gets all the attention, but look at all the others when you notice the temperature gauge climb. Do they all seem to run high also?
The 80-86 trucks are the last generation of Ford trucks that have an IVR (Instrument Voltage Regulator). This can “stick” and cause the gauges to read high when nothing is actually wrong. Our 83 F-150 and 85 E-150 both did this. It will freak you out the first few times until you see all the gauges are “wrong”..... I figured it out when I hit a bump and everything went back where it belonged. After that, if the gauges started climbing, I’d give a thump to the top of the dash and they all went back. The Brick and OBS gauges don’t work this way. Not that they can’t be wrong also, but it’s a different issue, not the IVR.
As most would suggest, put aftermarket gauges in, and then you will know what is happening. Or shoot the thermostat housing with a laser thermometer and that should give you an idea of where you are.